GLP-1 receptor agonists, popular for managing diabetes and obesity, may also help improve impulse control and reduce addictive behaviors. This is according to scientists from Washington University School of Medicine and the Veterans Affairs St. Louis Health Care System.
About the GLP-1 Study
The researchers reveal that these drugs, including Ozempic and Wegovy, have far-reaching effects beyond weight loss. Specifically, they could significantly benefit individuals struggling with addiction and reward-related behaviors.
In recent years, GLP-1 drugs have transformed diabetes and obesity treatment, regulating blood sugar regulation and suppressing appetite. However, their potential impact on brain functions like decision-making, reward systems, and addiction has sparked growing interest among researchers.
To pursue their study, the scientists analyzed over two million records of people with diabetes taking GLP-1 medication. In particular, their treatments took place between October 1, 2017 to December 31, 2023. The study compared 175 health outcomes of veterans on GLP-1 with those taking other medications such as Glipizide, Januvia, and Jardiance.
GLP-1 on Impulse Control, Cravings
The researchers uncovered promising benefits linked to GLP-1 receptor agonists. The findings suggest these drugs may lower risks of Alzheimer’s, dementia, and substance addiction. Notably, they appear to enhance impulse control and reduce cravings, offering hope to individuals battling addictive behaviors.
In addition, GLP-1 appeared to also lessen risk of bulimia, self-harm, suicidal thoughts, and psychotic conditions such as schizophrenia. Specifically, it lowered the risk of psychotic disorders by 18 percent, Alzheimer’s by 12 percent, and addiction disorders by 13 percent.
“Interestingly, GLP-1RA drugs act on receptors that are expressed in brain areas involved in impulse control, reward and addiction — potentially explaining their effectiveness in curbing appetite and addiction disorders,” said Ziyad Al-Aly, Clinical Epidemiology Center director at the VA St. Louis Health Care System.
“These drugs also reduce inflammation in the brain and result in weight loss; both these factors may improve brain health and explain the reduced risk of conditions like Alzheimer’s disease and dementia,” he added.
Most notable to Al-Aly were the consistent impact on addiction disorders. This could prove beneficial to those dealing with cravings for alcohol, cannabis, opioids, and tobacco. While the additional benefits beyond diabetes have been modest, they show promise of efficacy in tandem with lifestyle changes or other drugs.
Risk of Pancreatitis, Kidney Problems
However, the study also highlighted increased risks, including pancreatitis, kidney problems, and gastrointestinal complications. For instance, researchers found a link between GLP-1 use and an 11 percent increase in risk of arthritis and 146 percent increase in risk of pancreatitis.
Despite their promising benefits, GLP-1 drugs are not without risks. Some patients experience severe side effects like kidney and stomach issues. Medical professionals stress the importance of personalized care, considering individual risk factors and health conditions before prescribing these medications.
Things to consider
Understanding how GLP-1 drugs influence brain functions is crucial to leveraging their benefits. These trials could pave the way for a new approach to treating substance use disorders.
Experts emphasize that while the findings are promising, more research is needed to fully understand the broader implications.
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